Glossary Click on words in the text for their definition.


Fannius
   Fannius, i, proper name.

sapientiam
   sapientia, ae, f., wisdom

Apollinis
   Apollo, Apollinis, proper name.

Sunt
   sum, esse, fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so.

ista
   iste, ista, istud, demonstrative pronoun or adjective: that of yours, that beside you;  referring to parties opposed to 'hic,' my client; often contemptuous.

Laeli
  Laelius, i, proper name.

nec
   nec and neque, not; and not, nor; rarely not even; 'neque enim', for...not; 'nec non', and also; 'nec tamen', and yet...not; 'nec...nec, neque...neque', neither...nor .

enim
   enim, conj. for; namely, for instance; indeed, truly, certainly; 'at enim',  but you may object.....; 'sed enim', but indeed.

melior
   bonus -a -um: good; compar. melior -ius; superl. optimus -a -um

vir
   vir viri, m. a man, male person

fuit
   sum esse fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so

Africano
   Africanus, i, proper name

quisquam
   quisquam, quaequam, quidquam/quicquam, anybody, anyone, anything, esp. in  negative sentences and questions.

nec
   nec and neque, not; and not, nor; rarely not even; 'neque enim',  for...not; 'nec non', and also ; 'nec tamen', and yet...not;  'nec...nec, neque...neque', neither...nor.

clarior
   clarus,-a -um, bright, clear, distinct; of the wind bringing fair weather; evident, plain; illustrious, distinguished; notorious; adv. clare, clearly, brightly, distinctly;  illustriously .

Sed
   sed/set, but, however; 'sed enim', but in fact; confirming, and indeed, and what is more.

existimare
   existimo/-umo -are, to judge a thing according to its value; to consider, regard.

debes
   debeo -ere -ui -itum, to owe. Lit. of money; n. of perf. pass. partic.: debitum, -i, a debt.

omnium
   omnis -e, all, every, whole; of all kinds; in sing. each, or the whole  of one person or thing.

oculos
   oculus -i, m. the eye; 'esse in oculis', to be visible; an ornament,  treasure; the bud or eye of a plant .

in
  Preposition with ablative: in, on, among.

te
   tu, pron. of the 2nd person; strengthened forms in -te, -met, temet; thou,  you; plur. vos.

esse
   sum esse fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so

coniectos
   conicio -icere -ieci -iectum, to throw together; to cast lots; mentally,  to put two and two together, conjecture, guess; to interpret dreams

unum
   unus -a -um, genit. unius, dat, uni, one; only one; one and the same; any one; 'ad unum omnes', all to a man; 'in unum', into one place;  'uno tempore', at the same time . Adv. una, in one, together.

te
   tu, pron. of the 2nd person; strengthened forms in -te, -met, temet; thou,  you; plur. vos.

sapientem
    sapio sapere sapivi/sapii: to taste; with acc. to taste or smell of; to have taste, be able to taste; mentally, to discern, be sensible, be wise, think. Partic. sapiens -entis, wise, sensible, judicious; as subst., a wise person, philosopher, sage. Adv. sapienter.

et
  As adv., also, even; as conj., and; and indeed; in narrative, and  then; occasionally adversative, and yet; after alius, idem, par, as or than; repeated et....et...., both....and...; so -que....et....; nec  neque....et, not only not....but; etenim, for indeed.

appellant
   appello,-are,-avi,atum, to address, accost, speak to; to approach, entreat, sue; to appeal to; to name, entitle; mention by name, make known.

existimant
   existimo/-umo, -are, to judge a thing according to its value; to consider, regard.

tribuebatur
   tribuo,-uere,-ui,-utum, to divide out, allot, assign; to grant, give, allow,  yield, ascribe, attribute.

hoc
   hic, haec, hoc, this, this one; this present; in court, my client;  strengthened form hice, haece, hoce; interrog. hicine, haecine, hocine.

modo
   modo, adverb, only; in any way; just now.

M.
   Marcus, i, proper name

Catoni
   Cato, Catonis, proper name

scimus
   scio, scire, scivi/scii, scitum, to know, understand ; with infin. to  know how to do

L.
   Lucius, i, proper name

Acilium
   Acilius, i, proper name

apud
  Prep. with acc. at ,near, by, with; 'apud me', at my house; 'apud se', in one's senses; 'apud me valet,' it weighs with me; 'apud patres,' in our fathers' time; 'apud Ciceronem,' in the works of Cicero.

patres
   pater -tris, m. father, sire; founder, head; 'pater familias/familiae,' head of a household; plur., patres, forefathers; title of the senatorsz:'patres/patres conscripti'; 'pater patriae,' father of his country; national hero.

nostros
   noster -tra -trum, our, ours; of us, to us, for us ; m. pl. nostri, our people.

appellatum
   appello,-are,-avi,-atum, to address, accost, speak to; to approach, entreat; sue; appeal to; to name, entitle; mention by name, make known.

esse
   sum esse fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so

sapientem
   sapio, sapere, sapivi/sapii, to taste; with acc. to taste or smell of; to have taste, be able to taste; mentally, to discern, be sensible, be wise, think; partic. sapiens -entis, wise, sensible, judicious; as subst., wise man, philosopher, sage . Adv. sapienter.

sed
   sed/set, but, however; 'sed enim', but in fact; confirming, and  indeed, and what is more.

uterque
   uterque, utraque, utrumque; genit. utriusque, dat. utrique; each of two;  in plur., usually, each side, each set; sometimes of individuals,   both.

alio
   alius -a -ud, adj. and pronoun, another, other, different .

quodam
   quidam, quaedam, quoddam subst. quiddam, a certain person or thing known  but not necessarily named; a kind of.

modo
   modus -i, m. a measure, standard of measurement; in music, rhythm,  measure, time; in plur., strains, numbers . Transf., limit, boundary; rule; manner, mode, way, method; 'servorum modo', after the  manner of slaves; 'eius modi', in that manner, of that kind.

Acilius
   Acilius, i, proper name

quia
   because, for which reason. quianam, quiane, why.

prudens
   prudens -entis, foreseeing, aware; skilled, experienced, practiced; prudent, discreet, judicious; Adv. prudenter.

esse
   sum esse fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so


iure
    ius  iuris, n. right, law; a court of justice; jurisdiction; right as conferred by law; 'iure', rightly .

civili
   civilis,-e, relating to a citizen, civic, civil;'ius civile,' Roman civil law or civil rights; befitting a citizen; popular, affable, courteous; relating to public life/the state; adv. civiliter, like a citizen, politely .

putabatur
   puto,-are,-avi,-atum, to consider, believe, think; lit. to cleanse, clear; to clear up, settle; to weigh up, ponder, reckon, estimate; 'puto,' I suppose.

Cato
   Cato, Catonis, proper name

quia
   because, for which reason; quianam, quiane, why.

multarum
   multus -a -um: sing., much, great; plur., many, numerous

rerum
   res, rei, f. a thing, object, matter, affair, circumstance

usum
   usus -us, m. use, application, practice, exercise; social intercourse,  familiarity; legal, 'usus et fructus, ususfructus', the use of other's property; practice, skill, experience; utility, usefulness, profit; 'usui esse/ex usu esse,' to be useful;'usus est,' there is need of, occasion for; 'usu venit,' it happens.

habebat
   habeo,-ere,-ui,-itum, to have, hold; to have about one, carry, wear; to contain; to possess, have power over.

multa
   multus -a -um: sing., much, great; plur., many, numerous.

eius
   is, ea, id, he, she, it; this or that person or thing ; with qui or ut,  one of those who, such...as; with et, -que, and that too,  and what is more; n. sing. id, on that account; 'id temporis,'   at that time; 'in eo est,' the position is such/it depends on this; 'id est,' that is.

senatu
   senatus -us, or -i, m. a council of elders, the Senate; 'senatus/senati consultum,' a resolution of the senate.

foro
   forum -i, n. an open square, marketplace

vel
   vel: conj., singly, or; doubled, either...or ; adv. even, actually;  for example.

provisa
   provideo,-videre,-vidi,-visum, to look forward to, see at a distance; see beforehand, foresee; take precautions for/ against, provide for, prepare for.

prudenter
   Adv. from prudens -entis, foreseeing, aware; skilled, experienced, practiced; prudent,  discreet, judicious.

acta
   ago, agere, egi, actum, to set in motion, drive; of animals, to drive or hunt; 'se agere,' to go; 'animam,' to give up the ghost; to incite to action; to deal with, be engaged upon, treat of

constanter
   Adv. steadily, firmly; from consto,-stare,-stiti,-statum, to stand together; to be composed, consist; to depend upon, rest upon; to correspond, be consistent with; to stand firm/still; to remain the same; to be firm; impers. constat, it is agreed; partic. constans -antis, steady, constant, resolute.


responsa
   respondeo,-spondere,-spondi,-sponsum, intransit. answer to; match; correspond to 

acute
   Adv. keenly, sharply; from acuo,-uere,-ui,-utum, to sharpen, whet; partic. acutus -a -um, sharpened, pointed, acute; shrill; piercing; painful; sharp, keen, intelligent; effective.

ferebantur
   fero, ferre, tuli, latum, to bear, bring, carry; make public; endure, submit to; bring forth, produce; offer; fertur: it is said, ferunt: they say.

propterea
   Adv., on that account, therefore.

quasi
   adverb, as if, just as; as it were, a sort of.

cognomen
   cognomen -inis, n. a surname, family name.

iam
   adverb, now, already; immediately, presently, soon; henceforth; further; just, indeed; 'iam diu/iam dudum/iam pridem,' now for a long time.

habebat
   habeo,-ere,-ui,-itum, to have, hold; to have about one, carry, wear; to contain; to possess, have power over

senectute
  senectus, senectutis, f. old age; old men

sapientis
   sapiens -entis, wise, sensible, judicious; substantive: a wise man, philosopher, sage; from sapio, sapere, sapivi/sapii: to taste; have taste; to discern; be sensible, be wise, think.

te
   tu, pron. of the 2nd person; strengthened forms in -te, -met, temet; thou,  you; plur. vos.

autem
   conjunction: on the other hand, but, yet, however, nevertheless

alio
   alius, -a, -ud, adj./pron., another, other, different.

quodam
   quidam, quaedam, quoddam, subst. quiddam, a certain person or thing known  but not necessarily named; a kind of.

modo
   modus -i, m. a measure, standard of measurement; rhythm, measure, time; pl., strains, numbers; limit, boundary; rule; manner, mode, way, method; 'servorum modo,' after the  manner of slaves; 'eius modi,' in that manner, of that kind.

non
   (old forms noenum, noenu), not

solum
   solus, -a, -um, alone, only, sole; solitary, uninhabited; n. acc. as adv. solum, alone, only.

natura
   natura -ae, f. birth; nature, natural qualities or disposition, character;  an element, substance, essence; 'rerum natura', nature, the world or universe.

et
   Adv., also, even; conj., and; and indeed; in narrative, and then; and yet; after alius, idem, par, as/than; repeated et....et...., both....and...; so -que....et....; nec neque....et, not only not....but, etenim, for indeed.

moribus
   mos, moris, m. the will, inclination; 'morem homini gerere,' to humor a  person; custom, usage, wont, rule; pl. ways, conduct, character, morals.

verum
   verus, -a,-um, true, real, genuine; truthful, veracious; just, reasonable;n. as subst., truth, reality; right, duty; 'veri similis,' likely, probable; n. as adv., verum, but yet, still, however.

etiam
   As yet, still; etiam atque etiam, again and again; also,  besides, even; 'non solum/modo...sed/verum etiam,' not only...  but also; with comparatives, still; in answers, yes, certainly; in questions, expresses incredulity, actually? really ?

studio
   studium, -i, n. zeal, eagerness, application, enthusiasm; devotion to, goodwill towards a person or cause; application to learning, study.

doctrina
   doctrina, -ae, f. teaching, instruction; knowledge, learning.

esse
   sum esse fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so

sicut
   sicut/sicuti, as, just as; as for example; as it were; with verb in subj. just as if.

vulgus
  vulgus/ volgus, -i, n./m. the people, the public; a mass, crowd,  rabble, mob. Abl. as adv. vulgo, commonly, generally, in public.

sed
   sed/set, but, however; 'sed enim,' but in fact; confirming, and indeed, and what is more.

ut
   ut/uti, with indic. verb: how, interrog. and exclam; relat. as, esp. with sic/ita; 'ut ut,' in whatever way; explanatory, as, as being ; temporal, as when, while, since, when; of place, where; with subjunctive, in indirect questions, how; in wishes, Oh that; concessive, granted that; consecutive, so that

eruditi
   Partic. eruditus, -a, -um, instructed, educated; from erudio, -ire, to free from roughness; to instruct, teach, educate; adv. erudite,   learnedly.

solent
   soleo, solere, solitus sum, to be accustomed; 'ut solet,' as usual;  partic. solitus,-a,-um, accustomed, habitual; subst., that which is usual.

appellare
   appello,-are,-avi,-atum, to address, accost, speak to; to approach, entreat, sue; to appeal to; to name, entitle; to mention by name, make known.

sapientem
   sapiens -entis, wise, sensible, judicious; subst., wise man, philosopher, sage. Adv. sapienter.

qualem
   qualis, -e, interrog. of what kind?; relat. with or without antecedent talis, of the kind that, such as; indef. having some quality or other. Adv. qualiter, as, just as; qualiscumque/-cunque, qualecumque: relat. of whatever kind; indef., any whatever.

reliqua
   reliquus/relicus, -a, -um, left behind, remaining, other; of a debt,  outstanding; of time, remaining, future.

Graecia
   Graecia, -ae, f. Greece;  'Magna Graecia,' the south of Italy.

neminem
   nemo, -inis, c. no one, nobody; 'nemo non', everyone; 'non nemo', some or many.

nam
   nam, conj. for.

qui
   qui, quae, quod: interrog. adj. which? what? what kind of?; exclam., what!; indef. with quae or qua, any, some; relat. who, which, what, that; quod, as adv.: 'quod sciam,' as far as I know; abl. quo, with comparatives: 'quo celerius, eo melius,' the faster, the better; qui, interrog. in what manner? how?; relat. wherewith, wherefrom; indef., somehow.

septem
   Indeclinable number, seven.

appellantur
   appello,-are,-avi,-atum, to address, accost, speak to; to approach, entreat, sue; to appeal to; to name, entitle; to mention by name, make known.

eos
   is, ea, id, demonstrative pronoun: he, she, it; this or that person/ thing ; with qui or ut,  one of those who, such...as; with et, -que, and that too,  and what is more; n. sing. id, on that account; 'id temporis',   at that time; 'in eo est', the position is such, it depends on this; 'id est', that is.

ista
   iste, ista, istud, demonstr. pron. or adj. that of yours, that beside you;  referring to parties opposed to 'hic,' my client; often contemptuous.

subtilius
   Comparative adverb of the adjective subtilis, -e: finely woven, slender, fine; discriminating, precise; plain, simple, unadorned.


quaerunt
   quaero, quaerere, quaesii/quaesivi, quaesitum, to seek, search for; obtain, get; miss, want; seek to know, ask, inquire into.


numero
   numerus, -i, m., a number, reckoning, total; a mass; cipher;  a category, band, class; rank, position, regard, consideration; measure, part, respect

non
   (old forms noenum, noenu), not

sapientium
   Partic. sapiens -entis, wise, sensible, judicious; subst., a wise man, philosopher, sage; adv. sapienter.

sapientissimum
   sapientissimus, a, um, superlative from sapiens, entis: wise, sensible, judicious; substantive, a wise person; adverb: sapienter.

habent
   habeo,-ere,-ui,-itum, to have, hold; to have about one, carry, wear; to contain; to possess, have power over.

Athenis
   Athenae, -arum, f. pl., Athens; meton., learning; adj. Athenaeus,-a,-um, Athenian/ an Athenian.

unum
   unus,-a,-um, genit. unius, dat, uni, one; only one; one and the same; any  one; 'ad unum omnes,' all to a man; 'in unum,' into one place; 'uno tempore,' at the same time; adv. una, in one, together.

accepimus,
   accipio,-cipere,-cepi,-ceptum, to take, receive, accept

eum
   is, ea, id, he, she, it; this or that person/thing; with qui or ut,  one of those who, such...as; with et/-que, and that too,  and what is more; id, on that account; 'id temporis,' at that time; 'in eo est,' the position is such/it depends on this; 'id est,' that is.

quidem
   Indeed; 'ne...quidem,' not even...

Apollinis
   Apollo,-inis, m., Apollo, god of the sun, born at Delos; 'ad Apollinis,' to the temple of Apollo; adj. Apollinaris,-e/Apollineus,-a,-um.

oraculo
   oraculum/oraclum,-i, n., a solemn utterance, oracle, divine response,  prophecy; place where an oracle is given.

iudicatum
   iudico,-are, to be a judge, judge, decide, declare; perfect participle: iudicatus,-a,-um.

hanc
   hic, haec, hoc, this, this one; this present; in court, my client;  strengthened form hice, haece, hoce; interrog. hicine, haecine, hocine.

esse
   sum, esse, fui, to be, to exist, be there; be so

te
   tu, pron. of the 2nd person; strengthened forms in -te, -met, temet; thou,  you; plur. vos.

existimant,
   existimo/-umo,-are, to judge a thing according to its value; to consider, regard.

omnia
   omnis, -e, all, every, whole; of all kinds; in sing. each, or the whole  of one person/thing.

tua
   tuus,-a,-um, possessive pron. of 2nd pers. s., your, thine.

posita
   pono, ponere, posui/posivi, positum/postum, to lay/lay down, put, place, set; to settle; to put aside, discard; to lay to rest/lay out for burial; milit. to post, station; to store, deposit, invest; to stake, wager.

ducas
   duco, ducere, duxi, ductum, to draw/draw along/away; to  shape anything, construct; make verses; spend time/delay; to charm, influence, mislead; to inhale, 'aera spiritu'; with 'pocula,' to quaff; to lead; to marry a wife; to lead on a march/ to command.


humanosque
   humanus,-a,-um, human, of human beings; m. as subst. a human being;  of good qualities, humane, kind, educated, civilized, refined; adv.  humane/humaniter, humanely, politely, courteously, kindly.

casus
   casus,-us, m., a falling, fall; an accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; destruction, downfall, collapse; end; in grammar, a case.

virtute
   virtus,-utis, f., manliness; excellence, goodness, worth, virtue; bravery, courage.

inferiores
   inferior,-ius, lower; inferior; later;comparative of inferus,-a,-um: below, southern, the lower world; inferi,-orum, the dead.

putes.
   puto,-are,-avi,-atum, to consider, believe, think; lit. to cleanse, clear; to clear up, settle; to weigh up, ponder, reckon, estimate; 'puto,' I suppose.