Glossary Click on words in the text for their definition.



 

Laelius
   Laelius, i, proper name.

 

vis
   vis. fem. violence, force; (pl.) strength.
 
 

hic
   haec, hoc. he, she, it; this (one).
 
 

quidem
   indeed.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum. be.
 
 

adfero
   adferre, attuli, allatum: bring to bear; bring (about); announce; contribute.
 
 

quis?
   quid? interogative pronoun: who? what?; as an indefinite
 pronoun: someone, something; anyone, anything.
 
 

enim
   for, indeed.
 
 

refero
   referre, retuli, relatum: bring back, relate;
 refert(impersonal): it matters.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that; what.
 
 

ego
   mei, mihi, me, me: I, me.
 
 

ratio
   rationis, f. reason, method, manner; account.
 
 

cogo
   cogere, coegi, coactum: compel; bring together.
 
 

cogo
   cogere, coegi, coactum: compel; bring together.
 
 

certe
   certainly, to be sure; with certitude.
 
 

studium
   -i, n: zeal, eagerness; study, endeavor.
 
 

gener
   -i. m. son-in-law.
 
 

praesertim
   especially.
 
 

in
   in, into, on, onto.
 
 

res
   rei. f. thing, affair, circumstance, situation.
 
 

bonus
   a, um. good.
 
 

cum
   correlative with tum: not only ... but also; both... and.
 
 

difficilis
   difficile. hard, difficult.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum. be.
 
 

tum
   correlative with tum: not only ... but also; both... and.
 
 

ne
   with quidem: not even.
 
 

aequus
   a, um. equal, fair, right.
 
 

quidem
   with ne: not even.
 
 

obsisto
   -ere, obstiti. oppose, resist.
 
 

saepissime
   superlative adverb of saepe: most often.
 
 

igitur
   therefore, then.
 
 

ego
   mei, mihi, me, me: I, me.
 
 

de
   (down) from, concerning, about.
 
 

amicitia
   -ae. f. friendship.
 
 

cogito
   -are, -avi, -atum. think, consider.
 
 

maxime
   superlative adverb: most of all, especially, very much.
 
 

ille
   illa, illud. that one, that thing.
 
 

considero
   -are, -avi, -atum. consider; reflect upon.
 
 

video
   -ere, vidi, visum. see; in the passive: seem.
 
 

soleo
   solere, solitus sum: be accustomed to.
 
 

utrum
   whether.
 
 

propter
   on account of, because of.
 
 

imbecillitas
   -tatis. f. weakness.
 
 

atque
   and.
 
 

inopia
   -ae. f. poverty, lack, need.
 
 

desidero
   -are, -avi, atum. desire, feel the need of.
 
 

ut
   as, when; in order that, so that, that.
 
 

do
   dare, dedi, datum. give.
 
 

recipio
   recipere, recepi, receptum. receive, take back.
 
 

meritum
   -i. n. service, kindness, benefit.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that; what.
 
 

quisque
   quaeque, quidque (quodque). each, every (one).
 
 

minus
   less.
 
 

per
   through, by (means of).
 
 

sui
   sibi, se, se: him-, her-, itself; themselves, refering to the subject of the main verb.
 
 

ipse
   ipsa, ipsum. him-, her-, itself; the very one
 
 

possum
   posse, potui. be able.
 
 

is
   ea, id. he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 

accipio
   accipere, accepi, acceptum. accept.
 
 

a
   ab. (away) from, by.
 
 

alius
   a, um: another.
 
 

vicissim
   in turn, mutually.
 
 

reddo
   reddere, redidi, reditum. give back, render.
 
 

an
   or; whether.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum. be.
 
 

proprium
   -i. n. property, special attribute.
 
 

amicitia
   -ae. f. friendship.
 
 

sed
   but.
 
 

antiquus
   a, um: old, ancient, former; antiquior: comparative degree.
 
 

et
   and.
 
 

pulcher
   pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful; pulchrior: comparative degree.
 
 

magis
   more.
 
 

a
   ab. (away) from, by.
 
 

natura
   -ae. f. nature.
 
 

ipse
   ipsa, ipsum. him-, her-, itself; the very one.
 
 

proficiscor
   -i, profectus sum: originate from; proceed; set out.
 
 

alius
   a, um. (an)other.
 
 

causa
   -ae. f. cause, reason; case.
 
 

amor
   amoris. m. love, affection.
 
 

enim
   for, indeed.
 
 

e
   ex. from, out of.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that; what.
 
 

amicitia
   -ae. f. friendship.
 
 

nomino
   -are, nominavi, nominatum. name.
 
 

princeps
   principis. adj. first, principal.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum. be.
 
 

ad
   to, towards, for, at.
 
 

benevolentia
   -ae, feminine: good will, well-wishing.
 
 

coniungo
   -ere, -iunxi, iunctum. join together; unite; establish.
 
 

nam
   for.
 
 

utilitas
   -tatis. f. advantage, utility, usefulness.
 
 
 

etiam
   also, even.
 
 

is
   ea, id. he, she, it; this, that (one).
 
 

percipio
   -ere, -cepi, ceptum. obtain; perceive, observe.
 
 

saepe
   often.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that; what.
 
 

simulatio
   -tionis, feminine: pretence, hypocrisy, simulation.
 
 

amicitia
   -ae. f. friendship.
 
 

colo
   -ere, colui, cultum: cultivate, take care of, honor.
 
 

et
   and.
 
 

observo
   -are, -avi, -atum: honor; observe; heed.
 
 

tempus
   temporis, neuter: occasion, time.
 
 

causa
   -ae. f. cause, reason; case.
 
 
 

autem
   but, however, moreover.
 
 

nihil
   nothing.
 
 

fingo
   -ere, finxi, fictum: feign, form, invent.
 
 

 
simulo
   -are, -avi, -atum: pretend.
 
 

quisquis
   quicquid: whoever, whatever.
 
 

is
   ea, id: he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 

verus
   a, um: genuine, true.
 
 
 

voluntarius
   a, um: spontaneous, voluntary.
 
 

quapropter
   wherefore, and so.
 
 

video
   -ere, vidi, visum: see; passive: seem.
 
 

potius
   rather; potius quam rather than.
 
 

quam
   than; potius quam rather than.
 
 

indigentia
   -ae. f. want, need.
 
 

orior
   oriri, ortus sum. arise, have its orgin.
 
 

applicatio
   -onis, feminine: inclination; joining, attachment.
 
 
 

animus
   -i, masculine: soul, mind; (pl.) feelings, courage.
 
 

quidam
   quaedam, quoddam. a certain one.
 
 

sensus
   -us, masculine: sense, sensation, feeling.
 
 

amo
   -are, -avi, -atum: love.
 
 

quam
   than; magis quam, potius quam: more than.
 
 

cogitatio
   -onis, feminine: plan, thought, reflection.
 
 

quantum
   how much? often found as a correlative with tantum;  as far... as.
 
 

ille
   illa, illud. he, she, it, that (one).
 
 

res
   rei, f. thing, affair, circumstance, situation.
 
 

utilitas
   -tatis. f. utility, usefulness.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum. be.
 
 

habeo
   -ere, habui, habitum.  have.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod. who, which, that; what.
 
 

quidem
   indeed.
 
 

qualis
   quale: what sort of? as a correlative of talis:   of such a sort ... as.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum. be.
 
 

etiam
   also, even.
 
 

bestia
   -ae. f. beast, animal.
 
 

quidam
   quaedam, quoddam: a certain one.
 
 

animadverto
   -ere, -i, -versum. notice, observe.
 
 

possum
   posse, potui. be able.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod. who, which, that; what.
 
 

sui
   sibi, se, se: him-, her-, itself; themselves; refers
  to the subject of the verb.
 

nascor
   nasci, natus: be born, originate, be produced;
  natus, a, um: born; offspring; of age; natus, i, m.: son.
 

ita
   so, so much.
 
 

amo
   -are, -avi, -atum. love.
 
 

ad
   to, towards, for, at.
 
 

quidam
   quaedam, quoddam: a certain one.
 
 

tempus
   temporis, neuter: time, occasion.
 
 

amo
   -are, -avi, -atum. love.
 
 

facile
   easily.
 
 

is
   ea, id: he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 
 

sensus
   -us, masculine: sense, sensation, feeling.
 
 

appareo
   -ere, apparui: appear.
 
 

homo
   hominis: man, human being.
 
 

multo
   much, by far.
 
 

sum
   esse, fui, futurum: be.
 
 

evidens
   evidentis: evident, obvious; evidentius: comparative degree.
 
 

primum
   in the first place.
 
 

e
   ex: from, out of.
 
 

is
   ea, id: he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 

caritas
   caritatis. f. love, affection, charity.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod: who, which, that; what.
 
 

inter
   between, among.
 
 

natus
   -i. m. child, offspring.
 
 

parens
   parentis: parent.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod. who, which, that; what.
 
 

dirimo
   -ere, diremi, -remptum: separate; take apart; destroy.
 
 

nisi
   except, if not, unless.
 
 

detestabilis
   -e. hateful, detestable.
 
 

scelus
   sceleris, neuter: crime, foul deed.
 
 

non
   not.
 
 

possum
   posse, potui. be able.
 
 

deinde
   then; secondly; next.
 
 

cum
   when, since, although.
 
 

similis
   -e: similar, like.
 
 

sensus
   -us, masculine: sense, sensation, feeling.
 
 

exsisto
   -ere, exstiti: exist; appear.
 
 

amor
   amoris, masculine: love, affection.
 
 

si
   if.
 
 

aliquis
   aliquid: someone, something.
 
 

nanciscor
   nancisci, nactus sum: find, obtain, come upon.
 
 

sum
  esse, fui, futurus: be; used with 4th principle part of a verb
 to form the perfect and pluperfect tenses.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that.
 
 

mos
  moris, masculine: custom, habit, way of life.
 
 

congruo
   -ere, congrui: be in harmony with; come together; match, fit.
 
 

quod
   conjunction: because; as for; in that; that; why; quod si: but if.
 
 

is
   ea, id. he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 

quasi
   as if, like.
 
 

lumen
   luminis, neuter: light.
 
 

aliqui
   -qua, -quod: some, any; some other.
 
 

probitas
   -tatis. f. probity, uprightness, honesty.
 
 

virtus
   virtutis. f. virtue, manliness.
 
 

perspicio
   -ere, -spexi, -spectum: observe, look at, examine, notice.
 
 

video
   -ere, vidi, visum: see; passive: seem.
 
 

amabilis
   e: lovable, amiable; amabilius: comparative degree.
 
 

virtus
   virtutis. f. virtue, manliness.
 
 

adlicio
   -ere, -lexi, -lectum. attract, entice.
 
 

diligo
   -ere, -lexi, -lectum. love, like, admire.
 
 

quippe
   since (often appears with qui or cum).
 
 

propter
   on account of, because of.
 
 

virtus
   virtutis, feminine: virtue, manliness.
 
 

probitas
   -tatis. f. probity, uprightness, honesty.
 
 

is
   ea, id. he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that; what.
 
 

nunquam
   never.
 
 

video
   -ere, vidi, visum: see; passive: seem.
 
 

quidam
   quaedam, quoddam: a certain one.
 
 

modus
   -i. m. manner, way, method; limit.
 
 

diligo
   -ere, -lexi, -lectum: admire, love, like.
 
 

Quis?
  quid? interrogative pronoun: Who? what?
 
 

C.
   abbreviation for Gaius,-i: a male first name.
 
 

Fabricius
   -i: a gens name.
 
 

M'.
   abbreviation for Manius,-ii: a male first name.
 
 

Curius
   -i: a gens name.
 
 

cum
   preposition with the ablative: with.
 
 

caritas
   caritatis, feminine: affection, love, charity.
 
 

aliqui,
   -quae, -quod, adj.: some; any; some other.
 
 

benevolentia
   -ae, feminine: good will, well-wishing.
 
 

memoria
   -ae, feminine: memory.
 
 

usurpo
   -are, -avi, -atum: make use of; practise; enjoy;
  speak of; with memoria: cherish.
 
 

qui
   quae, quod, relative pronoun: who, which, that.
 
 

video
   -ere, vidi, visum: see; passive: seem.
 
 

Quis?
  quid? interrogative pronoun: Who? what?
 
 

Tarquinius
   -i. m. a proper name.
 
 

Superbus
   a, um. proud, haughty; here an epithet.
 
 

Spurius
   -ii: a male first name.
 
 

Cassius
   -ii. m.: a gens name.
 
 

Maelius
   -ii: a gens name.
 
 

odi
   odisse, perfect in form, with present meaning: hate.
 
 

duo
   duae, duo: two.
 
 

dux
   ducis, masculine: general, leader.
 
 

de
   concerning, about; down from.
 
 

imperium
   -ii, neuter: absolute power, command, empire.
 
 

Italia
   -ae. f. Italy.
 
 

decerto
   -are, -avi, -atum: contend, compete, struggle.
 
 

Pyrrhus
   -i. m.: a proper name.
 
 

Hannibal
   -is. m.: a proper name.
 
 

alter
   alterius, adjective: the one of two; the second; the
  next; alter...alter: the one ... the other.
 
 

propter
   on account of, because of.
 
 

probitas
   -tatis. f. probity, uprightness, honesty.
 
 

is
   ea, id: he, she, it; this, that one.
 
 

nimis
   too much, excessively, very.
 
 

alienus
   a, um, adj.: hostile; other; foreign.
 
 

animus
   -i, masculine: soul; mind; pl.: feelings; courage.
 
 

habeo
   -ere, habui, habitum: have, hold.
 
 
 

alter
   alterius, adjective: the one of two; the second; the
  next; alter...alter: the one ... the other.
 
 

propter
   on account of, because of.
 
 

crudelitas
   -tatis. f. cruelty.
 

 
semper
   always.
 
 

hic
   haec, hoc: he, she, it; this one.
 
 

civitas
   -tatis. f. state, citizenry, citizenship.
 
 

odi
   odisse, perfect in form with present meaning: hate.